Designing and installation of sewerage system. Installation of water supply and sewerage system
Modern country houses for comfort andliving conditions have long been inferior to urban furnished apartments. However, in order to provide comfort, their owners need to complete the engineering communications, and first of all to install the water supply and sewerage systems.
Water supply and sanitation
Plumbing is an engineering system thatconsists of pipelines and special equipment (filters, automatics, storage tanks, pumps), designed to supply houses with water. The sewerage system is required for the removal of waste products and used water from the house, if necessary, provides a primary purification of incoming sewage.
Connectivity
Both plumbing and sewage canconnect to a centralized system or be autonomous. In the first case, registration and obtaining additional permits are required, but significantly reduces costs in general. The device of autonomous water supply and sewerage systems does not require such permits, but when the facility is commissioned, the engineering networks will be checked for compliance with sanitary norms and rules, as well as other technical requirements.
Internal networks
Before installing water supply and sewerage systems, it is necessary to understand the peculiarities of these communications.
Plumbing and sewerage, as well as other engineeringsystems have much in common. These communications are divided into external and internal parts. If we talk about internal networks, it should be understood that the main difference is that for the water supply system the entry point of the pipeline leading to the house is considered to be the starting point, for the sewage networks the exit point of the outflow pipeline is the end point.
Internal water supply networks consist ofthe starting dispenser, pipelines for cold and hot water, a source of hot water (boiler, boiler or heater), supplies to consumers' points and water intakes (showers, washing machines, toilets, sinks, wash basins, etc.). Also in the installation of the internal sewerage system, in addition to the pipelines that lead from the consumers - toilet bowls, there is a sewer riser, as well as the place of removal from the structure of the outflow pipeline.
Outdoor networks
External water supply consists of a systempipelines that run outside the building, pumping station, water source (well or well). The external sewerage network includes a discharge pipeline, a treatment plant or a septic tank. In addition, it may include pumping equipment.
Design
Performing the installation of heating systems, water supply, sewerage, the main condition is the design, without this stage you can not do. Otherwise, the systems will not work correctly.
First of all, this refers to accounting for biases,which makes laying or replacement of pipelines and corners of turns. If the slope is too small, clogs will start to form in the pipelines. If the required bias is not calculated in advance, it can be achieved that the value acquires a negative value and the water flows back. Naturally, not in the room, but constipation is formed, which will become clogged with various deposits over time and will cover the pipe completely.
When designing and installing sewerage systems, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angles of the turns. For example, large waters (fecal) are forbidden to withdraw at angles, the degree of which is more than 90.
Choice of materials
By installing heating systems,water supply, sewerage, it is possible to save considerably. For example, the sewage system is rather unpretentious. However, you should not get carried away and independently invent an economically-knee variant.
Also, do not forget about the layout of pipelines,which for intra-apartment and street wiring are slightly different. The reason for this is the different operating conditions. Internal pipelines are almost not subjected to loads in comparison with external communications, which are located in the mobile zone. For this reason, the installation of a sewerage system located outside is carried out from stronger pipelines with a larger diameter than those located in the room.
Basic stages of installation
The installation of the sewage system depends directly on thethe remaining engineering communications - heating, water supply. An unprofessional approach to this type of work can lead to a disruption in the performance of the complex as a whole. As it was said before, the first stage of installation of the sewerage system is design. The following stages can also be distinguished:
- The device of internal communications.
- Installation of external engineering systems.
- Connection of all sections and elements.
- Run and then test the system.
It is important to note that, having no experience of work, it is practically impossible to independently produce a qualitative installation of the sewerage system.
Installation of engineering networks
- Do not forget about the slope of the pipelines, which is the main component. From the deviation depends the clarity and duration of your engineering communications.
- Begin the installation of water supply and sewerage systemsit is necessary from clearly fixed points. As a rule, the device of these networks starts from the point of release, and then gradually moves to the points of sanitary and storm water intake.
- Subsequently, pipelines should not beThere is no additional impact. This item is especially important for plastic items that can crack anywhere. Especially it concerns the connection points.
- Pipeline sections must be well fixed in such a way that they do not sag on the sinks and baths, as well as in places with a long extension.
- Installation of the sewerage system must start fromthe bottom point. If we are talking about an apartment, then as such a point is chosen trunk riser. In private home ownership it is the intersection of the foundation.
- Then, according to the project, draw linescommunications. Make a slope about two centimeters. Then fix the fixing clamps. After that, assemble the system in series and secure the pipelines by means of clamps.
- And in the end, install all the plumbing equipment, turning it into fan bends fixed in place.
When using pig-iron pipelines, the list of recommendations is an order of magnitude larger than the one presented, but similar water supply and sanitation systems are no longer relevant.
Firstly, they are very expensive, and secondly, inconvenient to install, because they require a heavy cutting tool, and without special skills certainly can not do.
However, there are such pluses: Cast-iron pipes are capable of drowning out the sounds of a merging liquid, with which plastic elements can not cope. Therefore, plastic piping requires additional sound insulation. This should be taken into account at the design stage. Otherwise, you have to listen in your apartment is not very pleasant sounds.
