Rainwater Sewer System: Description and Terms of Use

Storm sewage isa type of wastewater systems that remove drains from the serviced territory in a timely manner. Depending on the conditions of use, such systems may have a different set of functional components, differ in size parameters and protective additions. As for the spheres of application, the system of storm sewage is used in the arrangement of city streets, in the infrastructure of production facilities and in the engineering and communications support of private households.

Sewerage structure

Like any other plumbing infrastructure,Rainwater can operate on the basis of pipeline networks. With the help of pipes, water passes from one functional point of the system to another. The working cycle begins from the sites with rainwater receivers, which carry out local water collection. In this capacity, trays with gutters often act. They are mounted in drainage ditches in such a way that the drains can be directed to the distributing collector by gravity. A kind of rainwater intake is the door pallet. Such devices are installed either at the gate or near the entrance to the house.

Mandatory installation of storm systemssewage system provides the availability of capacitive water storage. These are devices that accumulate water collected in primary water receivers. They can be differently executed, but the main task remains the same - to ensure sufficient reception of surface waters to avoid the risk of flooding the territory.

Purification function of the storm sewer system

In contrast to the septic tank, which takes household wasteand sewage, rain sewage does not require deep biological treatment. Of course, there are systems in which the capacity of the septic tank acts as a receiver of storm sewage. And in this case, the cleaning will completely depend on the capabilities of this reservoir. The septic tank can act as a simple storage without purification functions, and as a means of multistage filtration. Separation of tasks of the septic tank and storm sewage is justifiable due to different requirements for cleaning. Rain water can easily be excreted into the ground without the danger of disturbing the ecological state of the soil. However, in order to protect the drainage complex itself, basic filtration is still required. Therefore, the storm sewer cleaning system often includes sand trap that deters large soil particles, debris and stones. That is, filters are used for mechanical cleaning that do not allow physical contamination of the pipeline, storage and collector units.

Classification by the method of drainage

At the moment, there are three typessewage systems designed for rainwater. First of all, this is an arctic configuration with open drainage channels. Such systems are usually used in cities and can perform several tasks, including drainage and irrigation of garden and park areas. Structurally, such networks are formed by systems of arytichnyh concrete trays, located along roads and streets. Arychnye trays differ perforated surface, allowing passively to distribute water on the soil cover. Also, the system of external storm sewer can be used in the arrangement of private households with plots, but this decision will be ineffective. In urban conditions, an open system is beneficial just for high productivity, since it works with large volumes of water. But in a small area, the closed system option is more effective. In this configuration, water drains are collected by trays that enter the structure of the landscape massif. In other words, the pipeline network is located in a ground niche and covered with protective devices. The third variant is a combined structure in which the open and closed areas alternate depending on the conditions for the passage of the drainage path.

Classification by the configuration of the water catchment

Both open and closed sewerage systemsdiffer in the way the organization of the water basins. In point schemes, receiving hoppers with gratings are installed separately from each other. That is, throughout the site, small underground or surface tanks can be scattered in accordance with the most intensive water intake. At the same time, all the points of the catchments are united in a single network, directed to the accumulator. An alternative way is a linear arrangement of the collections. Thus, a continuous system of drainage and storm sewerage is formed on the site, which already in the collection process unites several sources of water supply. In other respects, the equipment for collecting and discharging rainwater is carried out according to general principles with the integration of filters, collector nodes and grids.

Design of rainwater

Even small-area flooders shouldto be arranged on the basis of the design solution, in which pumping lines, points of collection, distribution and accumulation of water are calculated. And the basis for the project can be developed independently, determining the most probable sources of water spillage and the optimal place for its reception. The plan should include the outlines of sewage, location of communications, equipment and storage. More serious projects of the drainage system and storm sewerage provide for the implementation of geodetic survey of the area. One of the main objects of the analysis will be the level of occurrence of groundwater, which will determine the optimal location of the drainage system and the reservoir, which ensures the draining of the drains directly into the ground.

Installation of piping and related equipment

It is desirable to use plastic pipesas they are not corroded, easy to install and practically maintenance-free. Laying is made in a trench, the bottom of which is pre-covered with sand, gravel and covered with geotextile. Further, the formed network must be wrapped in a geotextile in such a way that the drainage filler completely covers the surface of the pipes. Connections are carried out with the help of complete couplings of the appropriate size. Then functional assemblies of collectors, a collector and a receiver, with which the storm sewage system will interact, are arranged. Mounting in this case must be carried out with a slope in the direction of the place of water accumulation. So, on 1 m should provide about 1-2 cm slope. The same applies to networks where the main sewerage network will act as the final gathering point. It is not necessary to fill the channels until the pipeline has been tested under operating conditions.

Sewer coating installation

The simplest way to cover a trench with a channelstorm sewage - backfilling with the same excavated soil. But for this it is necessary to make sure that the line is reliably sealed, and in its structure there are layers of sand and crushed stone. If the channel passes through the responsible functional zones on the site, additional amplification may be required. Under the tracks, parking areas and transport entrances, additional reinforcement must be installed. For this, overlaps can be used, which in the future are also filled with a dense layer of soil. But even at the stage of the storm sewer system, it is recommended to calculate the load on the network using the appropriate pipes. In particular, under the road for a car it is recommended to lay a non-perforated metal pipe. It is also possible to use plastic, but in an armored shell. The layers of drain and geotextile are executed in the same way as on the other contours.

Organization of a security zone near the sewerage

Hydrological resources providingwater supply, in accordance with the norms of SNiP are introduced into special security zones. The same rules apply to sewers. If we are talking about urban and public areas, then the radius of such sites should be about five meters. Of course, in the conditions of private households, strict compliance with this standard is not required, but it will nevertheless be superfluous to support certain principles that protect the storm sewer system with the adjacent zone. In particular, near the canals it is forbidden to construct temporary structures, arrange garbage dumps, break flower beds and plant trees.

Purification of storm sewage

Regardless of the type and location, rainThe sewage system should be regularly flushed. For this purpose, pumps are installed at the water collection points. In the household, you can do with one unit, rearranging it alternately to each circuit leading to the place where water is stored. The pump is connected to the local water supply system and the pressure jet is directed along the channel towards the slope. The flow eliminates pollution in confined areas, where it is impossible to reach physically. Also, the rules for using the storm sewage system require a separate cleaning of the storage tank. Moreover, the internal surfaces must be regularly subjected to chemical disinfection in order to maintain the proper sanitary and ecological state of the territory.

Features of care for the drainage system

The drainage system associated with sewagedrainage, requires a special approach to maintenance. First of all, the top layer of the drain should always be kept in a loose state - so it absorbs and drains water more efficiently. For the same reason, it is not recommended to walk on mounds of sand and gravel and even more so use heavy equipment on them. If the system of drainage and storm sewage at the site is associated with intermediate wells and collector nodes, they should be cleaned of dirt and sand in a separate order. It is desirable that this work is done in an automatic mode with the help of pump washers with floats.

Conclusion

Variety of sanitary equipment forgarden allows you to organize a variety of configurations of rain sewers. The most reliable option will be a system in which a closed network (trench) is implemented, supplemented with trays, wells, a collector and filter membranes. As for the cleaning function, the drainage and storm sewage system can be connected to the septic tank, which, in turn, will perform a multi-stage biological purification of the drains. But, again, directly storm sewage and do not require fine filtration. It is enough to provide the system with high-quality sand trap and lattice, which detain large rubbish. Another thing is that these components of the sewerage system will require regular cleaning in manual mode, otherwise there is a risk of clogging of channels and subsequent flooding of the site.