What is a rhinocytogram? Decoding, norm in children, description of the procedure and preparation for it
Inflammatory processes in the cavitynose, is a very big problem for children. It happens that parents conduct improper treatment of chronic rhinitis, since there are many varieties of such a disease and each requires the application of a specific method of therapy.
It is very important to carry out diagnosis for diagnosis. For this, a rhinocytogram is performed. Deciphering a smear from the nose will determine the presence of the disease and identify the features of its course.
What is a rhinocytogram
The rhinocytogram is a complexanalysis of the microflora of the nasal sinuses. To do this, take a swab from the nose to get a nasal secretion. Such a method of research implies an estimate of the number of such cells as:
- lymphocytes;
- erythrocytes;
- neutrophils;
- ciliated epithelium;
- macrophages;
- yeast fungi;
- eosinophils.
Indications for the procedure
The rhinocytogram is a smear analysis,taken from the nasal mucosa. The procedure is for adults and children. Often, such an analysis is prescribed for people who have a persistent runny nose or frequent recurrences of respiratory infection.
The groups at increased risk include:
- children;
- people with weakened immunity;
- after organ transplantation;
- people with diabetes.
- nasal congestion, observed for more than a week;
- nasal discharge that can not be cured;
- sneezing;
- itching of the nasal mucosa.
This is a fairly simple analysis that does not bring any unpleasant sensations to the child.
Preparation for the fence of a secret
Many patients wonder howmake a rhinocytogram and how to prepare for the study. To obtain accurate results, you must follow certain rules. For two days before sampling, you need to stop using various ointments inside and outside the nose. It is forbidden to use drops and sprays containing antibacterial components and corticosteroids.
5 days before the material is takenstop taking antibiotics. Do not wash the nasal sinuses a day before taking the smear, and also on this day it is advisable not to brush your teeth and drink only water.
Features of the procedure
The rhinocytogram in the child and adult is carried out inany time, but it is best to do it at the initial stages of the disease. Conduct the sampling analysis in a fairly simple way. The procedure is completely painless, and you should not be afraid of it even for children.
Often to get a more accurate resultthe doctor can apply an endoscope. A similar study is conducted under local anesthesia. This kind of sampling material for analysis causes some discomfort, since it is carried out from the paranasal sinuses. The resulting material is considered more informative, since it can detect the presence of neutrophils in the smear.
What do cells mean in the analysis?
The description of the result shoulda qualified doctor, since he knows how to decipher the analysis (rhinocytogram). The nasal mucosa consists of several cells, each of which performs a certain function. If bacteria or viruses get on the mucous membrane, then the level of leukocytes increases to fight them. These cells are involved in the formation of immunity.
Normal in children and adults
At carrying out of research it is necessaryto know which rhinocytogram is normal in children. Decoding in the table allows you to determine the normal indices of the components of the nasal sinus for adults and children.
Components | Rate in percent |
Eosinophils | 0-5 |
Neutrophils (sticks) | 1-6 |
Neutrophils (segment.) | 47-72 |
Macrophages | 3-11 |
Leukocytes | 65-75 |
The content of these cells is not constant, it can fluctuate throughout the day. In the morning or evening time, this figure can be reduced by about 20%, and at night can go up by 30%.
When carrying out the decoding of the rhinocytogram, the norm ofchildren of eosinophils before the age of 4 should be 0-7, and in children older than 4 years, the indicators for adults are taken into account. The rest of the analysis depends on the age of the child, so the doctor should decipher the results.
Decoding of indicators
To determine the root causeprolonged non-passing rhinitis, when counting, the quantitative ratio between the cells is counted. When analyzing the rhinocytogram (decoding), normal in children of white blood cells should be in the field of vision up to several units. With the course of the infectious process and inflammation, their amount rises sharply.
In the norm of neutrophils should be 1-3%. In the presence of a bacterial type of cold, frontal sinusitis, or sinusitis, their amount rises sharply, in proportion to the intensity and complexity of the course of the inflammatory process. This is manifested in the appearance of thick discharge from the nose of yellow or green. Initially, a viral infection can be complicated by a bacterial infection, which is why the amount of neutrophils can increase simultaneously with lymphocytes.
The presence in the analysis of more than 10% of eosinophils saysabout the presence in the body of pollinosis, or allergic rhinitis. The amount of epithelium is not always taken into account during the research, however, a significant amount of it indicates the inflammatory process taking place in the body.
When decoding the rhinocytogram in the norm in children is notthere must be red blood cells. If they are available, we can talk about the course of the flu, since the erythrocytes in this case penetrate through the thin blood vessels into the nasal cavity.
The microflora is normally negative, but if it isis present, then in this case a determination is made of the type of infectious agent. Disease-causing microorganisms can occur in bacterial rhinitis or viral rhinitis.
If the results are normal, and the runny nose does not go away
If the rhinocytogram is normal in children, and the runny nose does not go away for a long time, then this can be a sign:
- a vasomotor runny nose;
- drug rhinitis;
- another type of rhinitis.
All these disorders require additional research and comprehensive treatment.
