Standard step height

Today, in suburban areas, in order to savethey build mainly houses in two or three floors. In any case, there is an attic in almost every private residential building. And this means that almost an obligatory element of any country house is the staircase. When designing such a structure, one should also determine with such a parameter as the step height. It is also necessary to correctly calculate the width of the ascents of the march, their length and some other indicators. It is necessary to compose a draft of the staircase, taking into account the requirements set by the SNiP and GOST.

What are the stairs

In country houses are usually installedLifting structures of two types - conventional marching or screw. The first variety can also be rotary. There are also two types of steps, simple square (or semicircular) and trapezoidal.

It often happens that for the arrangementthere is not enough space in the house for the turnstile. In this case, it is replaced by runners. In fact, such stairs are a transitional option from marching to screw. In their design, both types of ascent are used - both trapezoidal and rectangular.

Standard sizes

Norms of GOST and SNIP are defined basicallywidth and height of a step of concrete staircases of many-storeyed city houses. The first indicator according to the standards should be 30 cm. Such a parameter as the height of the ladder step, GOST prescribes to determine taking into account the inclination angle of the march. So, at access stairs this indicator is usually equal to 125-145 mm. At steeper basement and attic structures, the lifting height should be 143 or 168 mm. The width of the steps of such stairs is allowed to be reduced to 26 cm.

In a private house this standard is exactlyto observe, of course, not necessarily. For such buildings, the concrete width and height of the ladder step by GOST are not determined. There are only certain limits of values, it is not recommended to go beyond them. Pay attention to the design of stairs in country houses, especially on the layout of premises.

Construction of steps

Stair lifts can be attached to strings or strings. In both cases, reliable and durable marches are obtained. Structures consist of two main elements:

• tread (horizontal part);
• riser (vertical part).

The width of the ladder march, according to the regulations, is notshould be less than 0.9 m. But usually structures in private houses with a distance from the handrail to the wall are approximately 1.2-1.5 m. The length and height of the steps of the staircase are in no way interconnected. When calculating the lifting parameters, other factors are taken into account.

Access to the construction of the staircase is sometimesnot included. This allows you to save on the material. However, marches without such an element look less solid and safe in comparison with ordinary deaf ones.

Standards

When designing, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules, stipulated by the SNiP for marching stairs:

• the width of the tread should not be less than 20 cm;
• The upper step can hang over the lower not more than 5 cm;
• The height of the staircase should not exceed 14-21 cm.

Screw constructions are designed taking into account that:

• the narrowest part of the steps should not be less than 10 cm;
• the width of the trapezoidal step from the opposite side should not be more than 40 cm;
• On the central axis the tread must be at least 20 cm wide.

Calculation formula

Calculate the required width (A) and heightstep (S) of the ladder according to the formula 2S + A = 590 ... 650 mm. The range of numbers from 590 to 600 mm is the average length of a person's step. Thus, depending on the layout of the house, first determined with a parameter such as step height. Next, calculate the required number of lifts, find their width and the optimal angle of inclination of the march.

Calculation example

Let's say the distance from floor to ceiling in the roomis 275 cm. The desired step height is 17 cm. In this case, the number of lifts will be 275/17 - 1 = 16.18 - 1 = 15.18. We round up to an integer, get 15 steps. We find the actual height of the rise 275/16 = 17.2 cm.

Now you can determine the width of the step.A = 63 cm - 2 * 17.2 cm = 28.6 cm, rounded up to 29 cm. Next, you need to determine the projection to the floor. For this, the width of the steps is simply multiplied by their number. As a result, in our example it turns out that the first stage should be 15 * 29 = 435 cm from the wall. Knowing the height and projection, one can first determine the tangent tgA = 275/435 = 0,6321, and then the angle of inclination A = 32 degrees 18 min. This does not go beyond the parameters allowed.

What you should know about

Very often stairs in the house are designed even beforePerforming an operation such as finishing the floor. In this case, the thickness of the future floor covering and insulation (if it is provided) should be added to the height parameter. All steps in the march must necessarily have the same height. Otherwise, it will be extremely inconvenient to move along the stairs and is also unsafe.

In addition to the minimum and maximum permissibleindicators, there is also the optimal height of the stage of the march. This parameter is 17 cm. The optimum width of this structural element of the ladder is 28 cm.

The height of steps of marches from different materials

Determining the parameters for lifting the ladder,take into account another important factor. The height and width of the steps can depend, in particular, on the material selected for the manufacture of the march. This rule does not apply mainly to concrete and metal ladders.

The standard width of the edging board, for example,is 150, 175 or 200 mm. Accordingly, the step height in this case will be equal to one of these values ​​(minus the thickness of the lumber). It is not advisable to choose another parameter in this case. Otherwise, you will have to do too much time-consuming work to reduce the width of the boards.

The same applies to the rise of brick stairs.The stages of such structures are most conveniently assembled in two rows. At the same time, the bricks are laid out on the bed. In the second row they are placed on a spoon. The height of the standard brick is 65 mm, width - 120 mm. As a result, we get a rise of 65 + 120 + 10 = 195 mm (5 mm for seams).

Vertical ladders

Such designs are rare, but are used inprivate houses. Usually it is either attic stairs, or leading to the cellar. The permissible range of distances between the strings in this case is 0.45-0.80 m. The step height (the step between them) should not be less than 0.30 m and greater than 0.34 m. The maximum length of the most attached vertical ladder is 5 meters.

This design must necessarily be equipped with a device that prevents its shift and tilting. Approximately the same requirements apply to the ladder.

What other standards exist

Of course, SNiPs determine not only how much the step height and its width should be centimeters. When designing a ladder, it is necessary to take into account other standards:

• The height of the handrail must not be less than 90 cm;
• The distance between the balusters can not be made more than 15 cm;
• the minimum thickness of the board for treads is 2.5-3 cm.

When designing the rotary ladders of privatehouses, among other things, should pay attention to and such an indicator as the height of the location of the site above the floor. According to the standards, this parameter should not be less than 1.9 m. But it is better to still have a platform between the marches higher - 2.5 m from the floor. Otherwise, people passing under the stairs of ordinary growth can simply bump.

In wooden lifting structures, all elementsshould be bolted together. When using self-tapping screws, the ladder very quickly loosens up. The first step is allowed to be done just above the others. In the march itself there should be no more than 18 ascents. However, it is desirable to make such long stairs pivoting. At the same time, for each march there can be 9 steps (or, for example, 5 and 13). The depth of the upper landing of the ladder is determined by the width of the door leading into the room. The first parameter must be greater than the second parameter.