Atresia of the esophagus in newborns

Atresia is called a congenital defect of natural canals and openings in the body. This pathology can be acquired by their adhesion or congenital absence.

Atresia of the esophagus in children is considered one of thethe most common anomalies in the development of this body. Among the variety of the variants described in clinical practice, there is the most common variety. The most common is the atresia of the esophagus with the formation of the lower tracheoesophageal fistula.

The clinical picture is quite brightstate. Already in the first hours of life from the nose and mouth of the newborn comes frothy mucus. After sucking, it accumulates again. Against the background of the condition, aspiration pneumonia begins to progress. Feeding a child before the diagnosis is established leads to an acceleration of deterioration. At the same time, symptoms of respiratory failure are noted, signs of aspiration pneumonia become worse.

Episodes of deterioration have a direct and clear connection with the feeding of the child - the milk begins to pour out through the mouth and nose.

Especially severe condition and progressivedeterioration accompanied by atresia of the esophagus with a wide fistula (lower tracheoesophageal). At the same time due to the presence of a wide australia, a large amount of air enters the digestive tract, and not into the lungs. Against this background, abdominal distention is observed, and gastric contents can also be noted in large amounts in the tracheobronchial tree.

Atresia of the esophagus in a newborn, as a rule,does not present difficulties for detection. Moreover, the diagnosis can be carried out before the manifestation of symptoms. It is necessary to establish the absence or presence of pathology before the first feeding. For diagnosis, the probing of the esophagus after birth is used. Atresia of the esophagus is diagnosed if the probe does not pass into the stomach, meeting an obstacle from the edge of the gums at 8-12 cm.

Diagnosis is also performed with a sampleElephanta. In this case, through the probe, inject ten milliliters of air into the esophagus. In the presence of pathology, the introduced air exits with a characteristic noise through the mouth and nose (the test is positive). In the absence of an anomaly, there is a noiseless passage into the stomach of the air (negative sample).

The sounding and sampling of Elephant in the maternity hospital for the diagnosis of pathology is quite enough.

When revealing the first signs of atresia in the esophagusit is necessary to perform intubation for the sanitation of the upper respiratory tract. These measures can reduce the risk of aspiration pneumonia. After carrying out these measures, the patient is transferred to a surgical hospital.

Timely detection (in the first or second day after birth) of the blemish allows eliminating the need for parenteral nutrition in the prehospital period.

Another anomaly of development is atresia of the rectum and anus. The defect is revealed, as a rule, at a primary examination of the newborn. The most common anomaly in boys.

If the examination for any reason after birthwas not produced, by the end of the first day the newborn child begins to worry, with abundant regurgitation, vomiting with gastric contents, after - with bile, then - with meconium. There is a gradual abdominal bloating. Gases and meconium do not depart.

As a treatment one-stageradical operation by the Pen method. If there are contraindications to the indicated surgical intervention or the impossibility of its implementation, apply a colostomy.

In the absence of treatment, the newborn dies on the fourth or sixth day.