What is the natural zone? Types and features
What is a natural zone, every schoolboy knows, and those who have forgotten this concept, can read it by reading this article.
Natural areas: definition and types
The globe consists of all kinds of naturalcomplexes localized on different climatic zones. Despite the diversity of landscapes, plants and animals, the individual territories of the Earth are similar. They are united in a separate group of natural zones. This is the largest graduation of the entire natural complex on the planet.
Natural Zones and their features
The natural areas are located in accordance withGeographic belts, adapted to certain parameters of temperature and humidity. Basically, they occupy certain latitudes, but the specific area depends on the distance to the ocean and the surrounding terrain. The exception is mountain natural zones, the characteristics of which are influenced by the height of localization. Closer to the top, the temperature becomes lower, so the zoning is located in the direction from the equator to the poles. Below is a natural complex, similar to that on the plain. The higher the mountain range, the more localized northern landscapes are at the top.
What is a natural area located not on thedrier? In the ocean there is also a natural complex, differing in the climatic location and depth of occurrence. Its boundaries are vague, compared to the land.
Natural zones of the tropics and subtropics, deserts
For the forests of the equator and tropics located on thethe territory of Africa, South America and Asia, characterized by high humidity and temperature. What is the natural zone in these areas of the globe? It is a complex of evergreen trees with pronounced multi-tieredness (from small bushes to giant trees). Accelerated circulation of substances leads to the formation of a super-fertile layer of soil, which is rapidly consumed. In the tropics and subtropics, a zone of dry forests is singled out, where trees drop their foliage in a hot period.
The description of the natural zone includes savannahs -a transition zone from tropic forests to northern landscapes with a pronounced open woodland, constantly high temperatures and infrequent precipitation. This complex is characterized by a dry period, as a result, there is a migration of animals to water bodies.
Evergreen forests of the Mediterranean climatemainly consist of plants with stiff leaves. There are many coniferous trees, characterized by mild winter. Most species of animals in this natural area are on the verge of extinction.
Low level of humidity of deserts and semi-deserts,located in the temperate and tropical belts, led to the formation of various adaptations to severe conditions in plants and animals. Deserts of a warm climate are divided into sandy, stony and clayey. Their soils are saturated with mineral substances, but they have little organic matter.
Zonality of the Northern Hemisphere in the Temperate and Polar Belts
Steppe and forest-steppe zones located in thesubtropical and temperate zones, are characterized by hot and dry summers, cold winters and the most fertile soils (chernozems). Here there are rodents, birds of prey, small ungulates.
Broad-leaved, mixed forests and taiga -Natural zones of temperate climate, localized in the northern hemisphere. They are characterized by a cold winter. In the taiga zone, summer is warm and short, for forests slightly south of the warmer period is longer, but the average temperature is lower. Precipitation in the taiga is more abundant than in mixed forests. In these natural zones, live predators, insectivorous birds.
Tundra and forest-tundra occupy territorysubpolar and polar zones. Vegetation is low-growing with a superficial root system due to poor soil, many mosses and lichens, mostly migratory birds, most of the territory is covered by permafrost.
Animals in the arctic desert predominantly live in water, in a warm period that lasts for several months, birds fly in. This is the natural zone of the northern hemisphere.
