International economic integration as a new type of international relations
In today's world, globalprocesses associated with the union of foreign states in various unions and formations. There is this for a number of reasons, the most important of which can be considered the following:
- the interdependence of economies is growing;
- integration processes gain momentum at micro and macro levels;
- the higher the civilization of the state, the sooner it shifts its economy from national economic isolation to openness to the outside world.
The market of production and consumption of goods and services,international corporations and subsidiaries, spheres of influence that regulate ruinous competition - all this is based on a joint balanced economic interaction between countries that share common business interests.
Definition
It is generally accepted that the international economicIntegration is a conscious process, directed and regulated by the heads of state, caused by objective reasons. It is based on the convergence of individual economic, economic systems, their splicing, adjustment to each other. Naturally, such alliances are not planned for one day, have a long-term potential and elements of self-development.
International economic integration is beneficialmany individual countries, which, while owning their own economy, face a number of difficulties. Uniting, these difficulties overcome much easier, solving many problems of an economic and technical nature.
If we consider the economic micro-level, theninternational integration is the creation in the neighboring states of firms, organizations, enterprises that have common trade and economic ties. For example, in one country, enterprises produce products from raw materials that are supplied by another. And production is carried out on equipment manufactured in a third partner country. This type of communication is established on the basis of economic agreements, the organization of foreign branches, etc.
If we talk about the macro level, then it is equatedto interstate, and here international integration is an economic union of states, agreed not only on economic activity, but also on individual national and political foundations. An example is the European Union.
Intensive development of integration requiresfree movement of goods in different state regions, services, cash, working resources. This, in turn, entails the need for concerted joint actions in finance, currency transactions, science and technology, and economics. Moreover, social policy, external and defensive, is included in the orbit of joint actions over time. Thus, international economic integration is a complex, multilevel phenomenon, possible at a certain stage of development of state systems. For its emergence, it is necessary to have a high-level public consciousness, overcome the narrowly proprietary ideology and confrontation that is characteristic of states with a militaristic bias.
Forms of international economic integration
Traditionally, there are several such forms:
- The simplest of them is considered to be zonesfree trade. In the formation of such zones between the member countries, various restrictions related to the import-export of goods, customs duties, etc. are eliminated.
- Customs Union - this form of forminternational economic integration involves introducing not only a free trade zone between member countries, but also a common foreign trade policy, and a certain price regulator in relation to countries that are not members of the integration union.
- A more complex entity is the common market. It gives an opportunity not only to organize a common market space with free mutually beneficial trade, a single pricing policy, but also a free input-output of capital, movement of labor resources, coherence in the economic laws of the parties involved.
- International economic integration of thehigh level - this is an economic and monetary union. Such a community, among other things, presupposes a single interstate monetary, financial, and economic policy.
