How is mechanical water purification performed?

Virtually all the world's water basins todayvery heavily polluted. This not only negatively affects the environmental situation, but also quite badly harms people's health. Each of us has a lot of individual characteristics. What one will not pay attention to, the other will bring a lot of trouble. Allergy, dermatosis, diseases of internal organs - this is far from a complete list of the negative consequences of using dirty water. To avoid such troubles, mechanical / biological water purification is mandatory, as well as its chemical treatment. In this article we will talk about the very first form of purification - physical.

Principle of purification

The mechanical method of water purification is the simplest and most accessible way of liquid disposal from various impurities. With the help of sedimentation and filtration from dirty water, all foreign matter is removed:

• rust;
• suspended particles;
• sand.

The very principle of cleaning is that whenThe help of various devices from water removes coarse impurities. To do this, use a variety of septic tanks, sand trap, manure collectors, gratings and sieves. Surface contamination is removed with the help of gasoline-oil catchers, oil traps and sedimentation tanks. Properly selected filter media is of great importance for the quality of the cleaning system.

Where mechanical filtration is used

Cleaning of water from mechanical impurities foundquite a wide application. This is the most common method of purifying water taken from open sources - rivers, lakes, canals, various reservoirs. Also, mechanical cleaning is mandatory for municipal water treatment plants.

Mechanical water purification is also used in domestic filtration systems. Such cleaners are most often installed on a common entrance to the house and each apartment.

Such a system is also irreplaceable in the purification of waste water. Using this method, it is possible to isolate from dirty domestic wastewater up to 75% of insoluble impurities, and from industrial - all 95%.

How is wastewater treated?

Mechanical purification of water from some timerather strongly helps owners of private houses located far from the central canalization. The main problem faced by such homeowners is the filtration of effluents. Of course, such a problem can be solved with a conventional cesspool. When it is full, you just need to call a sewer machine, and you can use the pit again.

Sooner or later, homeowners come to the conclusion,that the use of a cesspool is not only impractical, but also unhygienic. Not only is a rather unpleasant smell around it spreading, so also household chemicals, leaking into the ground, cause irreparable damage to garden crops. We have to build a mini-cleaning facility, install a system of various filters.

Such systems, only on a much larger scale, are also installed in municipal sewage treatment plants, where liquid wastes from the life of large and small towns and villages are collected.

Systems of filters for water purification in apartments

City water entering our apartments, althoughand goes through some cleaning, but, as it moves along the pipes, it becomes polluted again. From this, the life-giving moisture flowing from the household tap is very difficult to call it: it often has a nasty taste, smell and dirty yellow color. In order not to clean endlessly kettles and pans, do not remove yellow linen from the washing machine and do not drink compote with a taste of bleach or a crunch of sand on your teeth, it is worthwhile to install filters in the apartment.

Mechanical cleaning of cold water, however, asand hot, allows eliminating insoluble impurities from the liquid. Softeners are also used in the apartments. They remove salt from the water, ensuring its rigidity.

There is one more cleaning system - reverseosmosis. The principle of its action is that water under pressure is run through a special semipermeable membrane, which detains impurities.

Purification of water from wells

Some people think that the water extracted from thewells, does not need cleaning. This is not true. Of course, surface water does not act on such water, but a lot of iron, calcium and magnesium salts are dissolved in it. Therefore, such water is also subject to filtration.

First of all, mechanical cleaning of water is carried out. The procedure promotes the release of liquid from insoluble particles. Further, water is purified from excess iron. It is oxidized to larger particles and filtered again.

After this, water is softened whenion exchange. This allows you to reduce its stiffness. At the last stage of purification, water is decontaminated, because the remains of detergents and the remnants of chemical preparations used as fertilizers are dissolved in it.

What are the filters

As you can see, among the whole variety of methods of cleaning, the very first and most effective is still mechanical. There are a lot of devices that are used for this process.

The filter for mechanical cleaning of cold water is primarily divided according to the type and size of the particles trapped. There is a filter of fine and coarse cleaning.

The first, in turn, are divided into two groups:

• cartridge;
• washing.

In cartridge systems asa special removable insert is used. Most often it is made of foamed propylene or a fine steel mesh. No manufacturer will say exactly how often this element should be changed. It all depends on the degree of contamination of water coming through the pipes. The first sign, indicating the need to replace the cartridge, is the reduction in head. To make a replacement, it is necessary to close the water, unscrew the filter and remove the contaminated element. In its place, a new one is inserted, and the actions are carried out in the reverse order.

The washing filter is designed according to the same principle. The only difference is that the cartridge can not be changed, but simply washed and used again. Wash filters are:

• disk;
• mesh;
• reticulated mesh.

The principle of their work is almost the same, the only difference is in the method of cleaning.

Filters for rough cleaning are quite similar tothin. The difference is that a coarse filter can catch only large particles, so it is installed at the beginning of the cleaning system. Filters for rough cleaning are:

• mesh;
• cartridge;
• mud (without washing);
• pressure high-speed;
• with backwashing.

As well as fine filters, some of them can be cleaned and washed, and some are only replaceable.

How to install a mechanical filter

If from your tap all the time flows rustya liquid of incomprehensible taste and smell, you need a mechanical water purification. A clean-up filter can be installed on its own. This task is not complicated. First you need to stock up on tools. You will need:

• hacksaw;
• pipe cutter;
• FSM tape or other sealant;
• special fittings for plastic pipes;
• if the pipes are metal - a counter nut and a coupling;
• device for threading.

To make the installation, you need to cut a piecepipe, the size of which is slightly larger than the diameter of the cover of the existing filter. After that, threads are cut at the ends and fittings are installed using a sealant. The filter itself is now installed.

To install a water purification devicepick up such a place that its lower edge is located at a level of 10 cm from the ground or floor (at least). If you neglect this rule, replacing the cleaning cartridge will be very difficult. To do this, the filter will have to be dismantled.