What is the form in art, content, style, directions

The question of what form is in art, not sosimple, as it may seem. The ambiguity of the concept leads to difficulties in determining and classifying its species. Artistic art is realized in various forms, which differ in different parameters. There are several approaches to the definition of this phenomenon.

What is the form in art: the problem of definition

Art is the most important way of knowingpeace, with the help of which a person in a figurative form represents his perception of the world. This is an important part of the spiritual culture of mankind. It helps people to satisfy cognitive, aesthetic and social needs. Art has its own, a special language, through which it transmits information. Difficulties in defining this concept are due to the fact that the artistic form is extremely diverse and multifaceted. In addition, art as a form of culture has the characteristic of syncretism, it combines various expressive means, it embodies various ideas that are difficult to define. The strength of the impact and the degree of the transfer of ideas in art are directly related to the artistic form.

Global understanding of the form

By and large, art is itself a form. It realizes the entire spiritual experience of mankind and reflects the subjective perception of the world. Accumulating the artistic heritage of civilizations, art becomes an artistic form of spiritual culture. It transforms reality into images and takes materialized forms: books, pictures, performances. In this interpretation, the form means art itself as the embodiment of a creative idea and the realization of an artistic image.

Form vs content

The main philosophical problem, which is notfound a unique solution, is the question of the primacy and interrelation of form and content in art. In contrasting content and form, the question of what form is in art is examined through a comparison of these concepts. In such an interpretation, a form is understood as the inseparable unity of the external qualities and internal structure of the object, the form is what content is put into.

The artistic form in this approachis multifaceted and is realized in the concrete structure of a work of art through various expressive means characteristic of certain types of art, genres and styles. These means are always material, so often the form is understood as the material shell of the idea, content.

In a broad sense, the form in art is a methodexpression and existence of an artistic idea, i.e. content. Harmonious coexistence of form and content creates the ideological and artistic value of a work of art.

Features of the art form

Art is designed to reflect real life, withThis it develops a universal language of artistic images, understandable for all people. Hence the main features of the form in art: it is always conditioned by the author's intention, that is, it is secondary to the content, it always has a structure, is related to the constructive characteristics of the work, always contains an emotional component and is always perceived subjectively.

The artistic form is characterized simultaneouslystability and mobility. On the one hand, it obeys the laws of time and art, so, in the literature, stable forms are sonnet, romance, elegy, ode, story, story, etc., on the other hand, art constantly searches for new expressive possibilities, which leads to the emergence of special forms, for example, in literature it is a novel-jazz, a novel-stream of consciousness.

Form Properties in Art

With all the diversity of forms in art, theyhave a set of characteristics that can answer the question of what a form in art is. It is inextricably linked with an image that can not always be meaningful, but always has an emotional component. For example, the art of abstract art or poems oberiutov bear an image, but the meaning is not always decoded. The form is clear, since it always has material execution in various expressive means, it is comprehended by the senses. It is expressive, in any case the form is created to convey the intention, i.e. its main function is the expression of an idea. The form is built on the principles of similarity and similarity. Human creativity is always based on any objects existing in reality, the form is always likened to or opposed to the real objects of the world. It is also diverse, the number of artistic forms is incalculable, as the fantasy of mankind continues to produce all their new varieties.

Kinds of the art form

In aesthetics there is a tradition of separating artisticform in relation to its time and space. Forms that develop in time are temporary: literature and music; unfolding in time and space: cinema, dance, theater, architecture; decorative and applied forms that exist only in space: graphics, sculpture, painting, photography.

It is also customary to distinguish such varieties of form,both external and internal. The external form is associated with the expressive means used, which are selected and arranged by the author in accordance with the artistic concept and requirements of the genre. The internal form is associated with the development of content in the structure of the work, it is realized in the composition, the plot, the set of characters.

Each art form reveals its imaginativecontent through a form with certain characteristics. So, the form in the fine arts, according to A. Hildebrand, has four varieties: existence, phenomenon, impact and representation, and has such characteristics as direction, imagery, expressiveness, tactile value, sensuality.

Form and genre

There is a strong perception thatartistic form is a genre of art. This point of view has every reason, because the genre is a stable set of formal and meaningful characteristics of a work of art. Each art form has its own set of such forms. For example, the genres of painting are still life, landscape, portrait, in which there are purely formal parameters that give the opportunity to realize artistic design.

Form and style

The form has a relative independence, itlives and develops according to its own internal laws, but time factors always exert their influence on it. Thus, artistic styles have their own steady forms. They, like genres, combine a set of formal and content characteristics. There is an expressive language of Art Nouveau, Gothic, Renaissance, Classicism, Expressionism, etc., which is formed under the influence of the era and the prevailing aesthetic ideals. Each school of art in its time prefers its own set of expressive means, which are formed into an artistic form. For example, the baroque form is characterized by splendor, redundancy, scope, intensity of emotions, a complex rhythm.

Ancient world: the source of art forms

The main forms of art began to form inthe period of its inception and becoming. In the ancient world, creative activity was syncretistic, the isolation of individual artistic forms is uneven. First, there is a selection of pictorial forms, this process began in the era of the Paleolithic and Neolithic. The most ancient figurative form is ornamentation. Later there is music and verbal creativity, they existed mainly in the form of myths and folklore works. Forms of ancient art were transformed and enriched with an arsenal of expressive means. A little later, the ancient school of art enriches the range of forms with theater, choreography, music becomes especially important. In the Middle Ages, due to the high role of religion, architecture comes to the forefront, and many new forms are formed in it, which will later become the norm. Beginning with the Renaissance to modern times, a traditional system of artistic forms develops. Genre literature, painting, choreography is finally formed. The era of great styles enriched the treasury of artistic forms and completed the formation of a traditional set of resistant signs of a work of art. Since that time, there is a growing tendency to create synthetic forms of art that would combine the possibilities of several traditional varieties.

Modern shape transformations

Technical progress leads to the fact thatart is experiencing a surge in the generation of new forms of art. There are new and synthetic forms and means of the embodiment of the author's intention: photography, cinema, television. Art seeks to harness the power of technology to solve artistic problems.

Today the form of modern art againTimes of modernization. There are such new forms as: body art, performance, graffiti, actionism. And the development of digital technologies provokes the emergence of installations, media-art, 3D-video.

The tendency towards synthetics continues to operateand today, a modern artist is less likely to use the capabilities of one form to translate his idea, and the answer to the question of what form is in art is harder to find. We see that even in such low-tech types of art as literature and painting, new artistic forms appear. Thus, all works of postmodernism try to combine several forms, for example, the novels of M. Pavic "Khazar Dictionary" and U. Eco "The Name of the Rose" combine different genre, style and functional characteristics.