Planting apple trees in autumn in the suburbs. Dwarf apple trees for the Moscow region: varieties

If you want to land on your plot of fruitshrub, exotic rose or apple tree, not all amateur gardeners pay attention to the climatic zone in which their land is located. And yet this is of great importance for the normal growth, development, flowering and fruiting of the plant or tree.

If you have to plant an apple tree in autumn inMoscow, should be carefully prepared. You already know what you want to plant on the site, but you need to thoroughly prepare the soil and choose the correct time for planting.

Climate of the Moscow region

In the Moscow region and Moscow itself infrequentlyThere are frosty frosts and summer heat. If they do, they do not last long. The location of the Moscow region is of decisive importance for the climate. And it was located in the heart of the East European Plain.

This makes it possible to move freelycold or warm air. Due to the lack of large water bodies, a large amplitude of temperature fluctuations is observed. The Gulf Stream, cyclones from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean provide a fairly mild winter.

So what autumn varieties of apple trees should be planted in the suburbs? Experts advise those that are designed for zone 4 B. It is also called the frost resistance zone.

By area, the Moscow region can argue withsome European countries, the climatic conditions of the south and north of the region are strikingly different. Gardeners of northern directions need to take this into account and acquire popular apple varieties for planting in the suburbs, paying attention to their frost resistance.

Season for apple tree planting

You can plant young trees in spring and autumn.Each season has its own characteristics. More often garden work on planting of apple trees is carried out in autumn. During this period, the tree manages to restore the root system, strengthened for future growth.

If your choice fell on the spring, then the seedlings are placedIn the ground, when the ground has not thawed. This tree needs regular watering. Lack of moisture can adversely affect the development of the root system and the violation of its proportional development. In any case, planting apples in spring and autumn will require prepared soil.

Soil preparation

Planting apple trees in autumn in the suburbs is made into a pit, which digs out in advance.This is done at least 2 weeks before the beginning of the garden works. A good nutrient medium is needed for rooting and developing the apple tree for the next few years. The average size of the pit for a typical apple tree is 80 x 80 cm. One strong tree requires a plot of 5 x 5 m, for dwarf varieties - 3 x 3 m.

It must be filled with a top layer removedfertile soil, compost, peat and humus. It is necessary to introduce rotted manure and about 7 handfuls of mineral fertilizer. All carefully dig and create a landing on the site of the hill, which will rise about 20 cm above the surface. This is done so that, in time, the soil, compacted, does not sag much. Otherwise, the roots of the apple tree will be subject to freezing.

In the hole it is necessary to lower the apple tree to a mound,spreading its roots on its surface. Pour water, prikopat and compact the earth. In order for the future tree to take root and grow evenly, it is necessary to tie it to three posts.

Selection of planting material

So, you have a young apple tree, soil preparation and planting is planned for the near future. Have you chosen the seedling correctly?

The bark should not be dry and wrinkled, if so,immediately put the tree in the water. Scrape the root with your fingernail, look at the color under the bark. It must be white and wet. The root system should be well-developed, well developed, not less than 30 cm long. Dry, rotten processes should be removed.

You need to buy seedlings in the nurseries nearest to the tree planting site. Visit them, you will find a huge wealth of apple varieties for the Moscow region. This will guarantee the purchase of quality material, and not brought "southerner".

Kinds of apple trees for planting in the suburbs

When choosing a variety, it is necessary to pay attention,that all varieties ripen at different times. If you want the fragrant fruits to be on the table constantly, then you need to plant the summer varieties that bear fruit in July and early September. Autumn yields are from September to November. Winter varieties of apple trees are removed in November, and they are stored until the first summer month.

So, the summer varieties: Melba, Jubilee, White pouring, Orlinka, Medunitsa, Antonovka gold, Desert Isaeva, Wonderful, Cypress.

And what autumn varieties of apple trees to plant in the suburbs?They are: Bessemyanka, Antonovka, Koreinka, Oryol striped, Zhigulevskoe, Cinnamon striped, Uslada, Anise scarlet, Chosen one, Autumn joy, Cranberry.

Well, for complete clarity, we call winter varieties:Northern Sinap, Aport red, Babushkino, Bogatyr, Borovinka, Moscow winter, Russian, Smuglyanka, Mirnoe, Beauty Moscow, Winter beauty, Belarusian raspberry.

What are the characteristics of varieties for the suburbs

Apple tree is a universal tree that cangrow in parks as decorative. In the gardens it is a tree that gives magnificent, juicy, fragrant fruits. The correct planting of apple in autumn in the suburbs will ensure a long life of the seedlings and fruiting. It develops well and grows. If the apple tree is short, then it launches many new young shoots and branches.

The root is well strengthened, if there is muchfree space. It grows into a large area. The roots that feed the tree develop in a one-and-a-half meter surface layer, while others, on the contrary, grow deeper.

Features of varieties:

• Short terms of maturation of fruits.
• The climatic zone of the Moscow region allows fruit bearing apple trees once in two years.
• Summer varieties ripen in late summer. Autumn fruits are removed from the tree in September, and winter in the end of October and in November.

General Characteristics of Varieties

All varieties have different maturation periods, and in addition:

• The weight of the fruit may vary considerably. The smallest - 60 g, the largest - more than 200 g.
• Part of the apple trees stably yields every year, the other - only a year later.
• The taste of apples: sour, sweet and sour, sweet.
• Different coloring of the fruit.
• Dimensions of the tree from the dwarf to the powerful and sprawling.
• Disease susceptibility: high, medium, weak.
• Ripening period and shelf life: Summer - the middle and end of summer, the fruits are stored for 1 week; autumn - September-beginning of October, 1-2 months are stored; Winter is removed from the tree in November, and stored until the middle of summer.

Dwarf apple trees

Saplings of dwarf varieties of apple trees do not exist. The fact is that for this, a common varietal apple seedling is taken and grafted onto a dwarfish rootstock. The process is complex and long, it's unlikely to be done on its own on its own site. Therefore, you can buy dwarf apple trees only in the nursery.

Features of dwarf apple

1. The rootstock restrains the growth of the tree. The adult plant can reach 2.5 m in height.
2. The tree begins to bring forth the harvest early. In the second year you can get fruits. They are large and juicy, brightly colored.
3. Compact trees can be cultivated on small household plots.
4. Productivity per unit area is higher than the usual apple tree.
5. Caring for a bonsai is the same as for a tree of normal size.
6. Combination of winter hardiness, early fertility, yield and convenience in care.

So what are dwarf apple trees suitable for planting? For the Moscow region the varieties are defined by the following list:

• Apple-tree dwarf Bratchud. The height of the tree is 2.7 m. Fruits weighing 110-150 g. The shape is slightly elongated, with a small ribbing. The skin is smooth, greenish-yellow with a reddish blush. Stored up to 4 months. Any processing of fruits is suitable. The tree fructifies regularly. Harvest from a tree up to 120 kg.
• Apple-tree dwarf Carpet. The crown of the tree is flat. Fruits are larger than average size. The skin of the apple is slightly oily, smooth. The color is greenish with a red dense blush. The harvest from the tree is high.
• Apple Tree Snowdrop. A tree with a flat crown. Fruits are medium in size, round. The color of the fruit is green with a pinkish blush, it is sweet and sour to taste. Productivity is high.
• Apple tree dwarf Ground. Low, flat crown. Fruits are not large, round. Color green with red blush. The taste of the apple is sweet and sour. High yield and winter hardiness.
• Apple dwarf Sokolovsky. Crohn is flat. Fruits are larger than average size, roundish. The taste is sweet and sour.
• Apple tree dwarfish Wonderful. Fruits from 110 to 140 g of round form with intense red blush. The taste is sweet and sour. It is stored not for long, no more than 1 month. The variety is resistant to winter frosts.

Features of planting of this type of tree

If your choice - dwarf apple trees for the suburbs, select varieties in accordance with the requirements for the duration of storage of the crop. Of course, do not ignore the taste qualities of the fruit.

Planting apple trees in autumn in the Moscow suburbs on a dwarfishThe root must be produced in a prepared pit. Its depth is 60 cm, its diameter is 80 cm. In size, it is slightly different from the pit for the usual apple tree. This is due to the weak root system of the dwarf seedlings. Landing is best done no later than the end of September, in the spring - in mid-April. The roots must be closed, but the root neck should be left at least 5 cm above the surface.

For a small tree, which gives a richyield, additional support is needed. These may be pillars to which a tree is tied, or a lattice. Choose a place where there is enough sunlight - at least 6 hours of open sun in the summer.