Temperature of fire from different sources of flame

The temperature of the fire makes us see in a new lightthe usual things - a white match that flared up, a blue glow of the gas stove in the kitchen, orange-red tongues above the flaming tree. A person does not pay attention to the fire until it burns the fingertips. Or do not burn potatoes in a pan. Or do not burn the soles of the shoes that dry over the fire.

When the first pain, fright and frustration pass, there comes a time of philosophical reflection. About nature, colors, fire temperature.

Lights like a match

Briefly about the structure of the match. It consists of a stick and a head. Sticks are made of wood, cardboard and cotton tow, impregnated with paraffin. The tree is selected by soft rocks - poplar, pine, aspen. Raw materials for sticks are called match straw. To avoid smoldering straw, the sticks are impregnated with phosphoric acid. Russian factories are making straw from aspen.

The head of the match is simple in form, but difficult to match.chemical composition. The dark-brown head of the match contains seven components: oxidizing agents - bertholets salt and potassium dichromate; glass dust, lead lead, sulfur, bone glue, zinc white.

The head of a match in friction ignites, heating up to one and a half thousand degrees. Ignition threshold, in degrees Celsius:

Poplar - 468;
aspen - 612;
pine - 624.

The fire temperature of the match is equal to the temperature of the fire of the wood. Therefore, a white flash of the sulfur head is replaced by a yellow-orange tongue of the match.

If you look closely at the burning match, then the glance appears three zones of flame. Lower - cold blue. The average one and a half times warmer. The upper is the hot zone.

Fiery artist

At the word "bonfire" flare up no less brightlynostalgic memories: the smoke of a fire, creating a trusting environment; The red and yellow lights flying to the ultramarine sky; overflow of tongues from blue to ruby red; crimson cooling coals, in which the "pioneer" potatoes are baked.

The changing colors of the flaming treefluctuations in the temperature of fire in a fire. The decay of the tree (darkening) begins at 150 °. The combustion (smoke) occurs in the interval 250-300 °. With the same intake of oxygen, the tree species burn at non-coinciding temperatures. Accordingly, the degree of fire will also differ. The birch burns at 800 degrees, alder at 522 °, and ash and beech at 1040 °.

But the color of fire is also determined by the chemicalcomposition of the burning substance. Yellow and orange color to the fire are sodium salts. The chemical composition of cellulose contains both sodium salts and potassium salts, giving a flaming shade to the burning coal of the tree. Romantic blue lights in a wood fire arise from lack of oxygen, when instead of CO₂ CO - carbon monoxide is formed.

Enthusiasts of scientific experiments measure the temperaturefire in a fire with a device called a pyrometer. Three types of pyrometers are produced: optical, radiation, spectral. These are contactless devices that allow us to evaluate the power of thermal radiation.

We study fire in our own kitchen

Kitchen gas stoves work on two types of fuel:

Trunk natural gas is methane.
Propane-butane liquefied mixture of cylinders and gas holders.

The chemical composition of the fuel determines the temperature of the fire of the gas stove. Methane, burning, forms a fire with a capacity of 900 degrees at the top.

Combustion of the liquefied mixture gives heat up to 1950 °.

An attentive observer will note the unevenness of the coloring of the tongues of the gas stove burner. Within the fiery torch, a division into three zones occurs:

A dark section located near the burner: there is no burning due to lack of oxygen, and the temperature of the zone is 350 °.
A bright area lying in the center of the torch: the burning gas warms up to 700 °, but the fuel does not burn completely because of a lack of oxidizer.
Transparent upper section: reaches a temperature of 900 °, and the combustion of gas is complete.

The figures of the temperature zones of the fire flame are given for methane.

Safety rules for firing activities

Lighting matches, a fireplace, a gas stove, take care of the ventilation of the room. Ensure the flow of oxygen to the fuel.

Do not attempt to repair the gas equipment yourself. Gas does not tolerate dilettantes.

Mistresses note that the burners glow bluecolor, but sometimes the fire turns orange. This is not a global change in temperature. The change in color is due to the change in the composition of the fuel. Pure methane burns without color and without a smell. For safety reasons, sulfur is added to the household gas, which, when burned, stains the gas in blue shades and tells the combustion products a characteristic odor.

Appearance of orange and yellow shades on fireburners announces the need for preventive manipulation with the stove. Masters will clean equipment, remove dust and soot, the burning of which changes the usual color of fire.

Sometimes the fire in the burner turns red. This is a signal of a dangerous content of carbon monoxide in the combustion products. The flow of oxygen to the fuel is so low that the stove even dries. Carbon monoxide without taste and smell, and a person next to the source of harmful substance emissions will notice too late that they are poisoned. Therefore, the red color of gas requires immediate call of masters for the prevention and adjustment of equipment.