For centuries, to warm up the home,cooking and many other purposes used heating furnaces. To date, there are many similar equipment, differing in the material of manufacture, purpose, design and some other characteristics. They can be used both for heating the room, and for cooking. In addition, you can meet and separate types of ovens, intended for saunas and baths.

What are the furnaces made of

As a material for manufacturing,either brick or metal. The metal stoves are assembled by welding the body of steel or cast iron. In most cases, such structures are located in bathhouses, in cottages or in country houses of a small area. For the manufacture of a brick oven, a refractory material is used. One of the best is fireclay bricks - it significantly increases the parameter of the thermal stability of the furnace.

Furnace types of furnaces

Masonry is created using a specialsolution. An important requirement is its composition, since the use of substandard or improper mixtures can cause cracks, lumens and destruction of the entire structure. The composition of mortar for brick laying includes quartz sand and refractory clay. Ideal - if it includes chamotte powder.

Furnaces: types of kilns by purpose

Heat emitted by these units is directedeither for cooking, or for heating the premises. According to this principle, regardless of the chimney and hull, there are different ovens. Types of furnaces are as follows:

  • Heating.
  • Cookers.
  • Heating and cooking.

The heating-cooking unit is a varietyuniversal economy-stove, which combines two functions. Such a construction is most often found in traditionally Russian variants. In addition to the hob, it has a dryer, oven and water heater. Previously, it was equipped with a couch, located on the side of the adjacent room.

baking oven

A metal oven for cottages can also beheating and cooking type. Made of modern materials, a burzhuyka with an improved design on its body has a flat surface of cast iron, on which it is possible to cook and reheat food. The cooker, in contrast, is a metal or brick plate with a furnace. In order to more efficiently distribute and use heat, a shield is attached to it in the form of a small wall, with which you can warm up the room.

Design Features

All furnaces, types of furnaces according to their designare the same: they are based on the furnace, which burns fuel, a small part of the heat and gas are discharged into the chimney. Only the hull and flue ducts are heated, from which the room is heated. Despite the similarity, there are different types of furnaces that have certain design features. This is explained by their improvements for the purpose of subsequent, more effective use.

Furnaces: types of furnaces by flue ducts

Depending on the location of the internal channels and the scheme of movement of the processed gases along them, all the units are divided into:

  • Non-channel bell caps.
  • Single-turn.
  • Vertical and horizontal multi-turn.

The channels by which the gas travels canto be built vertically, horizontally or completely absent, as can be seen from the names. Depending on the purpose of the unit (oven for cottages, for example), the type of channel is also selected. In most cases horizontal venting is used, which increases the heat output. However, this design is not very different from other options.

Differences in fuel

Depending on the fuel used, thethe construction of fins. For example, a wood-fired oven has a special set of firebox and its volume, in contrast to similar equipment for sawdust. In the first case, the dimensions of the puddus are somewhat larger, in the second, the size of the furnace itself is increased.

Another type of furnaces is a fireplace room. Their distinctive feature is the special device of the door, in which there is a special insert of refractory glass to observe the flame.

Types of chimneys

The smoke pipes differ in the material of manufacture and the method of installation. Depending on the installation location of the chimney, they are divided into:

  • Indigenous - located on the side of the body and leaning on the foundation.
  • Walls - are installed inside the wall of the building next to which the furnace is going to be built.
  • Nasadnye - lean on top of the body.

boulevard price

Chimneys can be both brick, andmetallic. The most destructible and deformable are the first, because the material of their manufacture is destroyed under the influence of acids formed during combustion. The metal chimney has a long service life only if acid-resistant steel is used to create it. Often, such pipes are used for the purpose of shirring, creating combined structures.

Bath aggregates

Depending on the design and purposeit is difficult to determine the type of furnace. Types of furnaces vary in certain characteristics, but it is worth mentioning sauna heaters. Use them in saunas or bathhouses. Such devices differ in the degree of heating of the stones and the volume of the steam produced. The design of this furnace includes a special container, which contains stones and which is installed above the furnace or adjacent to the body.

economy stove

As a material for creating a sauna heateruse steel, brick, cast iron. A metal oven for a house on wood or for a bath does not require a long installation. You can buy it in the store and mount it yourself, following the manufacturer's instructions. Unlike metal furnaces, stone or brick require the work of a specialist, but they are advantageously different from the first.

Furnaces "Bresenaren" ("Boulerian")

The Canadian firm Bullerjan is producingheating units. For the first time their products appeared on the Russian market about fifteen years ago, and since that time the demand for "Buleryan" furnaces has been increasing. Their price is very acceptable, which is one more advantage. Depending on the capacity of the furnace, its cost can vary from 9 to 50 thousand rubles. So, the oven "Brenenar" (under this name this product is produced since 2005) in 10 kW has a price of 25 thousand rubles.

oven for cottages

Description of furnaces "Bresenaren"

These aggregates are mainly used forheating workshops and living quarters and are a convection construction of prolonged combustion. The oven "Bresenaren", properly selected for its capacity, is able to heat the entire house completely due to its design, which allows to make wiring in all rooms. There are models designed for water heating, as well as heating and cooking, designed for cooking food. Canadian stoves with a stove are of two types - 100 and 150 cubic meters.

Structural features

Despite the fact that this furnace uses inThe quality of fuel wood, it is called gas-generator. The reason for this is the special design of the furnace from two separate chambers: combustion, in which wood burns, and secondary afterburning of the produced gases. High heat transfer and efficiency of the furnace are explained precisely by this. During the combustion of wood, gases enter this chamber, into which the injectors intended for oxygen supply are also fed and burned again. This minimizes heat loss.

wood-fired oven

At the outlet of the flue gases and the furnace doorregulators are located, which allow the equipment to be transferred to the regime of long burning. In fact, the wood is smoldering in such equipment, and this process is sufficient to thoroughly warm the air and water in the heating system.

Furnaces "Buleryan": the cost, pros and cons

Benefits:

  • Heated air can be distributed to rooms regardless of their location on the floors.
  • Uniform heating of rooms.
  • High efficiency of furnaces - about 70%.
  • Minimal fuel consumption and economy, easy maintenance and installation.
  • Long term operation of the furnace on a single fuel - about 10-12 hours.

Disadvantages:

  • Analogues of this type of furnace work only with the use of solid wood fuel.
  • Regardless of the type of pipe - brick or metal - it must necessarily be insulated.
  • Most of the generator gas leaves the chimney, and is not burned.
  • Some parts of the furnace body heat up to 120 ° C, which leads to the burning of dust.
  • The need for a large amount of space foraccommodation. From the furnace body to the wall or any other objects should be at least one meter, because of what it is installed mainly in the middle of the room. To reduce this distance, metal sheets are placed on the walls.
  • Due to the fact that the fuel does not burn completely, the ovens smoke very much, regardless of the weather on the street. Manufacturers advise to lead the chimney at least three meters above the roof.
  • The economical operation of the furnace and its long life are achieved only if all the dampers are set correctly, which is very difficult to do.

The main problem with Canadian furnaces isthe formation of a large amount of condensate in the pipe. Its composition includes water, tar and soot, it appears as a result of the fact that the outgoing gases have a low temperature, and the fuel burns out incompletely. The most noticeable is the condensate in the places of the chimney joints, and when the furnace is heated, it creates an unpleasant odor that remains in the premises for a long time.

The cost of Canadian furnaces depends on the volume of the room, which they can warm up. Depending on this criterion, the price for the "Buleryan" furnace can vary from 9 to 34 thousand rubles.

Recommendations for the selection and operation of convection ovens

Before installing this type of heatingit is necessary to carefully select the location of the unit. The safest and best option is to install such an oven in a separate basement-type room that has good ventilation.

Recommendations manufacturers can and even needignore when laying fuel to improve decay and increase its effectiveness. Put it in the following way: thin logs and chips are placed with the first layer with small intervals, large wood is placed on top, leaving a small amount of free space. The voids are filled with bark, newspapers, small branches. Then, the blower damper and the flap in the chimney are opened, after which the ignition is started.

Canadian furnaces

Thermal protective screen, installed onwalls, you can either buy it ready, or make it yourself. Between the metal sheet and the surface there should be a clearance of about 50 mm. The heated air between the wall and the screen will move upward, heating the room.

Convection ovens exist with a deaf andglazed door. The second type is much more expensive, it is unlikely to admire the beauty of the flame - too much radiation from the unit, and the door quickly smokes, which worsens the entire review.

Manufacturers of furnaces "Bulerjan" claim that theirproduction is not ideal, as it would be desirable. This must be taken into account when selecting a heating unit, taking into account all the pros and cons and accurately calculating the location, power and efficiency and maintenance costs.