Heating in a private house. Diagram of house heating distribution
There are various schemes of heatingsystems in private homes. Each has its own operational features, as well as advantages and disadvantages. This or that scheme of heating of a private house must be chosen for each specific situation, otherwise, instead of comfort and comfort, you can get big problems.
Heating circuit by type of coolant circulation
By the way of water circulation in the heating circuitsystems distinguish two basic schemes - with natural and forced movement of the coolant. The natural, or gravitational scheme for heating a private house is based on the difference in water density. For a heated coolant, a small density is characteristic, as a result of which it is displaced by a reverse stroke into the circuit. To ensure gravity flow of liquid, it is necessary to lay pipelines with a slight slope.
The main advantage of the gravitational systemconsists in the following: its device does not require the purchase of complex aggregates and equipment. Such a scheme is independent of other engineering networks, and most importantly - it is easy to assemble.
Despite the superiority that is providedsimplicity, such a heating distribution in a private house (the photo is shown below) has some limitations. It is not recommended for use in dwellings with a large area, since gravity water movement is provided only in the contour, the length of which is approximately 30 meters.
Forced movement of the coolantis carried out by means of a circulating pump, which includes a pumping circuit. The use of these systems is unlimited (except for the provision of uninterrupted power supply of pumping units).
Scheme for pipelining
In the process of organizing a heating systemAn important point is the distribution of heating in a private house. All flat appliances of water supply or heat supply are connected to the common system according to a certain scheme.
Much depends on how the wiring is done. It can be horizontal or vertical. In the latter version, the main pipeline is hidden in the basement, and from it through the apartments there are many pipelines of smaller diameter. This wiring is cheaper and much simpler than a horizontal circuit. It can be single-tube or two-tube.
Vertical single-pipe system
With this version of the wiring, the supply linepaved under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic. The heating medium is fed to the heating devices in a series of vertical risers. The main advantage of this scheme is the minimum flow of pipelines.
However, there are some disadvantages:
- Lack of adjustment.
- The impossibility of switching off a separate heating device.
- Overrun of heating appliances.
With single-pipe wiring the coolant moveson a single integral contour through all the heating devices. In the two-pipe system there are two risers - from one coolant enters the heater, and in the other it leaves.
Such a heating distribution in a private house (without closing areas, unregulated) is used if a natural circulation of the coolant is required.
Vertical two-pipe system with bottom wiring
In such a system, the supply and return linesThey are laid above the floor of the lower floor or in the floor itself, the water enters each heating device independently. On the upper radiators it is recommended to install air vent valves, which are necessary to remove air from the system.
Such systems have the following advantages:
- The possibility of switching off a separate heating device.
- Good adjustment of the system.
- A floor heating system can be switched on as the building is erected.
- There is no supply line and risers on the top floor.
- Elimination of overspending of heating appliances.
Disadvantages:
- Compared with single-pipe wiring in the two-pipe system, the length of the pipelines increases.
- The impossibility of installing apartment heat meters (however, there are house-counters in such houses, which is much more profitable at primary costs).
Horizontal two-pipe system with perimeter wiring
Such distribution of heating in a private house (schemeis provided below) provides for the supply and return pipelines, which are laid along the perimeter of each floor. On all heaters, cranes are installed to bleed air.
The following advantages are typical for this system:
- You can disconnect the system by floor.
- Absence of risers on all floors (except for the main one).
- It is allowed to use heating devices with a lower connection.
- Laying the main pipelines in the plinth or floor construction not only reduces the number of open communications, but also improves the overall appearance of the room.
- Possibility of installing apartment heat meters.
Disadvantages:
- On long branches, it is necessary to install expansion joints.
- The presence of air valves on each heater slightly complicates the operation.
Floor two-pipe system with a collector on each floor
Such distribution of heating in a private houseassumes a floor arrangement of the supply and return manifolds on the main riser. Feed and return lines from collectors are directly connected to each radiator.
This system is recommended for use withuse of metal-plastic pipes. It is characterized by all the advantages of horizontal two-pipe heating systems. The only drawback is the large length of the supply mains. However, it is compensated by the fact that the number of pipe connections decreases.
To date, such a layout in individual construction is becoming increasingly popular.
Types of heating schemes for two-story houses
At the design stage, there should beThe most optimal heating distribution in a private house (2 floors) has been developed. Only in this case the heating system will perform its functions in full.
Heating schemes used for two-storystructures, are divided into two main groups - with a natural and forced movement of the fluid. From the title it is clear than one is different from the other. So, in the second case, a pump is used to circulate the fluid, with which the coolant moves in the system, in the first, there is an independent movement of water.
Circuit with natural circulation
In a system with a natural movement of the coolantthere are both positive and negative sides. The main advantage lies in the fact that such a layout of the heating system of a private house is volatile.
The drawbacks include the complexity of the installation (it is necessary to comply with the slope), as well as the need for the use of large diameter pipelines, which affects the appearance of the room.
Wiring with forced circulation
The scheme with forced movement of the coolant -this is the most optimal option for two-story houses. It provides for a special circulation pump, which circulates the liquid in the system.
Heating distribution in a private house with a wall boiler can also be used (see photo below).
Pipes for heating systems
For the laying of highways, metal-plastic, polypropylene, copper, steel, and also pipes made of galvanized or stainless steel can be used.
Steel
During the installation, steel pipelineswelded, galvanized and stainless pipes are preferably connected by means of threaded connections. If the heating layout in a private house with a wall boiler provides for the use of metal pipes, it is advisable to pay special attention to the selection of skilled workers.
For today metal pipes at construction of cottages are used seldom enough. This is directly related to their high price and complexity of installation work.
Copper
Copper pipes are the most reliable optionfor installation of heating systems. They are able to withstand both high pressure and high temperatures. Copper pipes are connected together by soldering. However, because of the high cost, they are used only in exceptional cases.
Polypropylene
The most optimal option is wiringheating in a private house made of polypropylene pipes. There are many varieties of these pipes, for example, reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum. With the help of a special soldering iron, the elements are soldered. In comparison with the above options, these pipes and fittings have a negligible cost.
Metal-plastic
For installation of a heating system frommetal-plastic pipes do not require professional skills. Pipe connections are made using fittings. To the disadvantages of this material is the too high coefficient of thermal expansion, which in time can lead to the appearance of a leak. There is no sediment on the plastic and polypropylene pipelines.
Before making a heating scheme, you must select the material from which it will be executed. As it was noted earlier, copper pipelines are considered to be the most durable.
