Individual memory features. Age features of memory

To date, almost all organs of our body have been studied. The exception to the rules is the brain and the functions it performs.

Researchers and physicians have always been interested in issues related to the work of the brain, namely - with thinking, logic and with the ability of a person to creativity and memorization.

How memory works, how much information is stored in the head, why some people grasp everything on the fly, and others have to persistently cram the material - read all about this in our article.

Memory as the basis of knowledge

Memory is the unique ability of the headthe brain to accumulate, preserve and reproduce the information received. It is interesting because, due to its lack of knowledge, it gives scientists a broad front for research. It is difficult to imagine how many opportunities will open before a person, he knows what is its secret ...

What happens?

Scientists distinguish two types of memory: short-term and long-term. Here you can draw a parallel with the computer. The first is similar to RAM and is designed to solve problems at a given time. The second - "reminds" the hard drive, where all important information is stored. True, unlike computer memory, the human memory has a limited amount.

Short-term memory corresponds to the brain's cortex, for the long-term memory - the hippocampus (part of the limbic system of the brain).

Individual memory features

Nature has awarded absolutely every personthe ability to memorize and to reproduce information. Only in all individuals this process occurs in different ways: one person is able to view the text once and to recount it in detail, while the other will have more than one hour to delve into the essence of what has been read.

True, it is possible that the first will forget the content of the text the next day, and the second one will be postponed in the subcortex (in the long memory) and will surface at an important moment.

Why is that? Because each individual has a unique brain, and therefore, thinking processes take place in their own way.

In part, it is the individual differences in memory that make people special. This is clearly seen in the productivity of memorization and types of memory. Let's consider in more detail

Efficiency of learning

Implies speed, strength and accuracymemorization. Another important feature of the productivity of learning is the ability of a person to quickly reproduce the material. Let us consider in more detail its characteristics:

Speed is the amount of time a person needs to learn a certain amount of information.
Strength reflects how long the studied material in your head remains, whether you will quickly forget it, or, conversely, remember forever.
The accuracy reflects how close to the text you arecan reproduce the studied material. Do you remember the general meaning or, on the contrary, focus on details? Excellent, if your memory is such that you remember both the general outline of the narrative, and the bright details of the plot.

Types of memory by the senses

Individual features of individual memory can be found in the next section.

Since childhood, each person learns in his own wayperceive information. Someone clearly remembers the words of the song, someone is able to skillfully repeat a beautiful dance, and someone just one look at the table to understand the key points of its content.

Scientists have noticed this for a long time. To date, there are seven types of memory for the senses used:

Visual memory is the ability of a person to perceive and reproduce what he has seen. The most common type of memory.
Auditory memory - information is perceived by ear. It is well developed among musicians, conductors and translators. By the way, Mozart mastered it perfectly.
Motor memory is well developed in dancers. This is a person's ability to reproduce the most complex dance movements. Michael Jackson possessed a unique motor memory.
Taste memory is well developed in gourmets andtasters of wine. These people perfectly remember and distinguish tastes. Before such individuals, one can bow in a good sense: they will never touch poor-quality food.
Olfactory memory is the ability to feel andto distinguish smells. Perfumers own it 100%. But there are just people who are keenly aware of smells. For such individuals, a trip in public transport in the summer turns into a real torture.
Tactile memory is the ability to remember the shape of an object after touching it. A fairly rare type of memory.
Emotional memory is quite interestingphenomenon. People with this type of memory perfectly remember all the vivid impressions. Here an interesting correlation arises: the more emotion experienced by a person, the better he remembers information. Individual features of the memory of such people are of interest to scientists.

Form or meaning?

The features of human memory are also characterized by the way in which a person learns the necessary material.

In this section we will discuss why some peoplegrasp information on the fly, while others spend their evenings behind textbooks. Responsible for this is the individual characteristics of people's memory. The former have better developed logical memory, others have a mechanical memory. Let's try to understand what is the fundamental difference between them.

Mechanical memory

By mechanical memory is meant the memorization of useful information in the form in which it was originally submitted.

If you are able a couple of times to read the verse andwithout errors to tell it, you have a very developed this type of memory. The same goes for dance movements: a person with advanced mechanical memory will quietly reproduce them after one or two repetitions of the coach.

Mechanical memory is peculiar:

translators;
linguists;
polyglots;
conductors;
musicians;
dancers.

There is also a minus of this type of memory. Let's try to demonstrate it by example.

A person performs the same physicalExercise to improve posture in standing position. He just learned how to do it right. But then the coach asks to change the position and begin to perform a similar exercise in the prone position. Here there can be a problem. A person remembers the technique exactly, but does not understand the essence of the exercise. To help in this case can only logical memory, we will tell about it further.

Logical memory

Means a person's ability to understand the meaningstudied material. How to determine if nature has rewarded you with logical memory? Quite simply. If you study any text and quickly grasp the main idea, that is, you can distinguish the most basic from many, many words - you are a happy owner of it.

Students with this type of memory are not involvedsenseless cramming of tickets for the exam, but try to read them thoughtfully and understand what is at stake. This way of mastering the material is more productive: you not only begin to really orient yourself in the studied subject, but also retain priceless knowledge in your head for a long time.

The same applies to physical exercises.Before starting to chaotically repeat the technique of execution for the coach, it will be more logical to understand its features (for example, to understand which muscles it is designed for). After this, the learning process will go much faster and more interesting.

Interesting ways to train your memory

The problem of forgetfulness is one of the mostcommon in humans. The reasons for which we can forget something, there is a great variety, beginning with a banal lack of sleep and ending with an excessive immersion in one's thoughts.

Blame yourself for forgetting to turn off the computer again, take the necessary papers or call relatives, do not. You should try to find the cause of your absent-mindedness and effectively eliminate it.

Now we will give four interesting exercises for memory:

Keep a sprig of rosemary or etheroils on its basis. It has long been proven that smells awaken memories from people. For example, the aroma of trimmed grass in many people is associated with childhood and a sense of tranquility. But the smell of rosemary is recognized as special. Scientists from the University of Northumbria proved this by experience.
Play in the association. Try to link new information to the information already in memory. Let's say you need to remember some date (for example, number 11). Imagine that the units are the two lean silhouettes that go ahead of you along the street. The same applies to the memorization of foreign words. You want to learn how the dandelion will look in English. Find these flowers, look at them and say a few times aloud dandelion.
Go for a walk. It is proved that being in the open air has a beneficial effect on the state of memory. The most interesting is that this applies only to moderate physical exertion: strength training for such are incapable - to this conclusion scientists from the University of Illinois came.
Learn a foreign language. Thus, you not only develop your brain, but also gain a useful skill.

It should be remembered that there are age-related features of memory. Avoid them will only be the person who is constantly interested in something and is addicted.

Development of memory in children

To train the brain of a small child is importantonly a sincere desire of a parent to develop his baby only half an hour a day. The child must be dealt with from childhood: the development of memory in children occurs up to 10 years.

Features of children's memory are similar to the previous ones,characteristic for adults. To develop a child is best from early school age: a small person is already ready to perceive information in a playful form.

Here are the most effective exercises for memory:

"Picture". The child is shown for a few seconds a photo (interesting and colorful), and then removed. Then the parent asks the child to tell in his own words about the image taken on it.
"Find the difference." In children's magazines necessarily there is a ready page with similar exercises, look there more often.
"Remember the sequence." Before the child laid out 7 subjects in a certain sequence. He remembers them for a while. Next, you ask him to turn away for a while and change the location of objects. Then ask what has changed (preferably remember the sequence yourself).

With the help of these simple exercises, visual memory develops.

How quickly and effectively to learn the material?

Everyone remembers what a night is before a responsibleExamination: the very moment when you need to pile up the brain with a huge amount of information for 5-6 hours (it will all the same be forgotten, but the task does not become less important).

Let us share the useful tips that really work.

Visualize information using a diagram or a drawing.
Draw a parallel. If the material is really complicated, compare it with something simple and understandable. Any complicated thing can be decomposed into several simpler ones.
Construct a diagram. Independent systematization of information is the right way to successfully master the material.
Draw a picture of the subject in your head. Suitable for people with a good imagination.
Write thematic notes. Well, if you can come up with such three or four words, from which in the head will gradually pop up the general information on the ticket.
Well, lastly a little jag the material. This method works very often.