Construction is what? Basics of construction
Design is a productive viewactivity of the child, aimed at creating a certain subject. This word came from the Latin language, in which construere means "building, creating a model". Design plays an important role in the mental, labor, moral development of children. This kind of activity is cognitive and creative. There are two types of children's design: technical and artistic. They differ in the materials used in the classes.
Technical design
Technical design is a processthe creation by the child of objects that he has already seen in real life or presents them in his imagination. Here the structure and functional features are important: a car with a door, a hood, a trailer; house with a roof, a door, a window.
The technical design includes the creation of items from the following materials:
- building elements,
- details of the designer,
- large-sized modules.
We use building materials
Modeling from building materials is consideredthe easiest, so they can deal with babies of early age. This activity forms the basis of construction. The essence is to create buildings of various types. In this case, cubes, bricks, plates and 3-facet prisms are used.
First, children get acquainted with the names of the elements,their shape, characteristic (big-small, high-low). Then they learn how to make buildings: first simple from the minimum number of elements (paths, steps, lodges), and over time more complex (furniture, towers, bridges).
Designing from designer details
Designing from designer detailsassumes the presence of various fastenings: nuts, grooves, spikes. This type of activity is considered difficult and is used in the older group. Children learn to create real objects by schemes that are present in any design set. They already understand that all items are made up of smaller details. And that the building was stronger, it must be fastened.
Design from large modules
Design from large modulesis the creation of large-scale volumetric or planar structures. This view is close to construction, but here large areas of premises are used. In fact, children themselves make buildings for sports competitions, games.
Artistic design
Artistic design is a creativea process in which the main role is played not by the structure of the object, but by the child's attitude to it. Children create not a practical, but an emotional image. This activity is also divided into three subspecies.
A lesson in designing from the naturalmaterial is carried out with young children. Toddlers learn to see the unusual in the ordinary, draw closer to nature. At the beginning of training, sand and snow go into play. Later crafts made of twigs, cones, leaves, bark, nuts are made. Children learn to compare objects in shape, size. Analyze and decide what material is more suitable, for example, for the trunk of an animal, and which one to choose for the head. Gradually, handicrafts are becoming increasingly difficult due to the number of elements and ways to connect them.
Paper construction is more complexcreativity. Here different techniques are used: origami, kirigami, paper sculpture. The peculiarity of this activity is that the work can not be altered. If the kid something wrongly cut off or glued, this is not corrected. This teaches his attentiveness and responsibility.
For construction from waste materialcoils, plastic bottles, caps, boxes, polystyrene, wire, etc. are used. Such an approach promotes the formation of a nonstandard view of the child around the objects surrounding him, overcoming stamps and stereotyping of thinking.
Forms of organization of training
- Designing by model. This form of training consists in the fact that the child is shown samples of buildings made from parts and teaches how to reproduce them. Children are given ready-made knowledge, show the algorithm of actions to which they must imitate. In the full sense of the word, this type of activity can hardly be called a creative process, but this is an important stage in mastering technology.
- Design by model. This is a more complex form of creativity. As a model, children are shown a model in which the components that make up it are hidden. Thus, the child faces a task, and the way to solve it must be sought out independently. Thanks to this, figurative thinking develops.
- Construction by conditions. In this case, the children are given neither a sample nor the methods of erecting a building, but simply put the requirements that the handicraft must match. This species is most conducive to the development of analytical abilities.
- Design by design. The child is given complete freedom of action: he decides what and how he will create. This is a very difficult task, but it promotes the development of independence and creativity.
- Design by schemes and drawings. Children learn to use templates to later convert them into voluminous geometric bodies. This kind of activity develops logic and imaginative thinking.
- Construction on the topic. Children are given a thematic direction ("Birds", "Transport"), and what they will do, from what material and in what way - they decide themselves.
With any form of organization of children's education,to stimulate the observance of the laws of architecture: utility, strength, beauty. The design, the materials for which must be carefully prepared by the educator, is an integral part of the learning process. He is practiced both in kindergartens and in schools.
Children's design in recent timesis becoming more popular. In programs on preschool education this type of activity is considered one of the main. In any form, design is a creative process that promotes the child's mental development. This type of activity creates favorable conditions for the formation of mathematical knowledge about the form, size, number of objects. During the creation of the craft, imagination, thinking, and memory are stimulated.
