Cognitive psychology, psychology of groups and peoples

Modern psychology at the present timehas shared in many directions, which are constantly changing under the influx of new scientific data. This science, it is enough, is young and therefore, psychologists constantly make their own corrections and additions. Studying such a subtle category as the soul, psychology as a science can not be static, because it is very difficult to investigate and it is quite difficult to prove by traditional methods. In addition to childhood, age, social psychology, cognitive psychology, the psychology of groups and peoples are actively developing.

Cognitive psychology chose its subject matterresearch how a person thinks, how he gets information about the world, how this information is stored in memory and how all this affects the behavior of a person. The main task of cognitive psychology is understanding the nature of human thought.

In the 50's. In the 20th century scientists began to actively develop the study of memory, attention, language processes, images, etc. This was due to a number of the following objective reasons:

- the surrender of positions to behaviorism, which viewed human behavior as a reaction to incentives, but failed.

- the emergence of a theory of communication, whichThe appearance provoked a series of experiments on the study of signals, information theory and attention, that is, in those areas that are studied by cognitive psychology.

- In modern linguistics, new approaches to grammatical structures and language are emerging.

- cybernetics and in particular the creation of artificial intelligence made it necessary to radically change their views on the processing and storage of information in memory, and so on.

Cognitive psychology uses for itsresearch model of information processing, which considers the process of cognition as a series of stages, each of which can be represented as a hypothetical unit and a series of individual accompanying manipulations when entering information. Assuming that the reaction to an event is the next in a series of similar stages. At each of these stages, the information received from the previous stage is analyzed. Although it is almost impossible to identify the initial stage, because they are closely related.

Currently, cognitive psychologyuses methods and research from 10 different areas of research: memory, attention, imagination, language functions, developmental psychology, perception and recognition of images, artificial and human intelligence, thinking, etc.

Psychology of groups

Social psychology includes a whole section dealing with the study of the psychology of groups. This section studies the behavior of people and people in particular in the group, how communication and interaction take place.

A group is a collection of people united by social, everyday, economic, etc. relations. That is, people are united on some basis and they themselves consider themselves to be.

Groups are large and small. To small groups carry from 2 and more. The groups are also divided into conditional and real. Real groups in turn can be divided into informal and official, situational and sustainable, etc. A person can be in several groups at the same time: a school, a circle, a street company, etc.

Psychology of peoples

The book "Psychology of the peoples and the masses" writtenGustav Lebon became a benchmark for the dictators of the 20th century and all politicians who had achieved power. In it, Lebon compares the masses with the crowd and gives their classification. And also it says that the world is on the threshold of the "mass age". Important in it is that Lebon gives in his work "Psychology of the peoples and the masses" the mechanics of the emergence, development and subsequent decay of peoples (races), as well as their role of great people and ideas in this process.