NA Nekrasov's poem "To Whom in Russia Live Well": images, characteristics, brief retelling. Who is good to live in Russia?
At the beginning of 1866, the next issue of the journal Sovremennik was released in St. Petersburg, and it was opened by lines that almost everyone today knows:
"In what year - count,
In what land - guess ... "
It was these words that had to involve the reader inan amazing fairy-tale world, and it is with them that the brief retelling of "Who is good to live in Russia" begins in the magazine. Over time, many have learned that further will be an amazing bird-wax, able to talk with people, a tablecloth-self-tattoo and many other things that are etched in the memory of readers to this day. This is how the recount of "Who Lives Well in Russia" begins at a casual, which tells us about the adventures of seven men who decided to argue who is happily and freely living in their native land.
Basic information
The poem "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" presentsa vertex creation of NA Nekrasov, and he long enough nurtured the idea to create this work, more than fourteen years was engaged in writing the text. Despite the fact that he never managed to complete this poem, it embodies an extremely deep social significance.
The work includes four chapters,which are united by a plot and narrate about how the peasants argued about happiness in Russia. At the same time, they tried to first consider only the options that characterize various nobles, but ultimately simply refused to meet with some categories of people, because in fact they (like the author) tried to find people's happiness.
The plot of the poem is kept in the form of travel, thatallowed the author to use a variety of pictures in the process of describing different situations. Already in the prologue the writer shows us a subtle irony about the real Russian reality, expressing it in the corresponding names of the villages: Gorelov, Dyryavin, Razotov, Neelova and many others.
Beginning of work
Already the prologue shows the picture of a real peasantRussia, the protagonist of this work is represented here - an ordinary peasant, who appears exactly as he really should be: in grandsons, bast shoes and armeniac, constantly hungry and suffering his grief.
After the magazine "Sovremennik" waspublished a brief retelling of "Who is good to live in Russia," three years passed, and only then the publication of this poem was resumed, but each individual part was subjected to extremely strict censorship by the tsarist regime, which considered that this work has an extremely ugly content. In particular, the last chapter, known by its many names as the "Feast for the Whole World", was criticized. Unfortunately, the author himself saw only a brief retelling of "Who is good to live in Russia", and he could not find the publication of all the remaining chapters, because without any distortions and abbreviations this poem was printed after the end of the October Revolution.
This poem in the work of Nekrasov is paidthe central place, and it represents his ideological and creative peak, the final result of the author's thoughts on the people's destiny, his happiness, and also the path leading to him. All these thoughts were the main for the poet throughout his life, and are constantly reflected in various creations. Orina, Soldier's Mother, The Railroad, Frost, Red Nose are all those important works through which the author came to the poem Who Lives Well in Russia. Peasants and peasants are the main characters of this creation, the problems of which are revealed in the most detail.
Writing process
Several years the poet gave work on this poem,calling her his "favorite child". In the end, he tried to make a real "folk book", calling it "Who in Russia should live well". The peasant or peasant of that time should have seen the real reflection of his life, and the descendants could understand how at that time most people felt themselves.
Nekrasov himself said that in the story heconceived to state absolutely all his knowledge about the people, and everything that he heard from the lips of ordinary people. Thus, he created a real epic of peasant life, calling it "Who in Russia should live well". Matryona Timofeevna reflects in herself the image of a real Russian peasant woman, expressing her main character traits and life principles.
Giant work of Nekrasov was interruptedpremature death of the author, as a result of which the work has reached us unfinished. However, even so, it retains an incredible artistic and ideological integrity.
Contributed Contribution
In his work, Nekrasov was able to revive the genrefolk epic. If it comes to genuinely folk works that would have been characterized by a large-scale epic depiction of the people's life, as well as their ideological sounding and staging of the fundamental questions of the time, then it comes to mind "Who in Russia should live well". Matryona Timofeevna and many other characters cut into memory and are distinguished by a unique, realistic character. The writer was able to widely use the traditions of oral folk art, as well as the proximity of his poetic language to everyday everyday speech forms and original song lyricism.
Also the poem Nekrasov has some features,which are characteristic of critical realism. Instead of a particular hero, there is a common people's environment as a whole, and the vital situation of completely different social circles is shown. The popular point of view on real things is expressed in the poem directly in the development of the topic, showing us that all of Rus and the events shown are displayed as a real perception of the wandering peasants, and are presented to the reader, as if in their own vision.
Content
In "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" the problem of the people'slife is revealed to the fullest. The events of this work unfold in the first years after the adoption of the reform in 1861 with the subsequent liberation of the peasants. The peasantry and the people themselves are a positive, genuine hero, and it was with him that the author linked his hopes for a bright future, although he understood perfectly well how weak the peasant protest could be due to the immaturity of the masses for the commission of any serious revolutionary actions.
In "To Whom in Russia to live well" the problempeasantry is expressed in the image of the peasant Saveliy, whose appearance resembles "the Holy Russian and the Serf-Hero", personifying the indestructible steadfastness and strength of the people. In Savely, features of famous heroes of the national epic are displayed. Nekrasov connects this image with the central theme of this poem - this is a search for a way to people's happiness, which describes "Who lives well in Russia". The analysis of the poem makes us pay special attention to Matryona Timofeevna, who talks about Savely's travelers: "The lucky one was also." The happiness of the main character lies in freedom and understanding of how important the people's struggle is, because only in this way it is possible to really achieve a "free" life.
Other Images
These elements make memorable amonga lot of other poems namely "To whom in Russia live well". Analysis of the poem allows you to see a lot of memorable images of peasants, including the wise old Vlas, who has seen a lot in his lifetime, and Yakim Nago, who is a typical peasant. At the same time, it should be noted that Yakim Naga is portrayed by far from being a standard slaughtered and dark peasant who emerged from the patriarchal village. Deeply aware of his dignity, he tries extremely hard to defend the people's honor by making fiery speeches in defense of the whole people.
Reading "Who lives well in Russia" by chapter, you canIt should be noted that a rather important role in the poem is given to the image of Yermil Girin, who is an incorruptible and pure "people's defender" who decided to defend the insurgent peasants and eventually ended up in prison.
Matryona Timofeevna
The beautiful female image of Matryona Timofeevnais revealed in "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" by chapters, where the poet tries to outline the characteristic features of a Russian peasant woman. Talking about the severe female share, Nekrasov wrote a rather large number of thrilling poems, but with such love and warmth, with which he described in the poem Matryushka, he never once wrote.
Secondary Characters
Together with various peasant charactersof this work, which cause love and involve themselves in the participation, Nekrasov also tries to outline some other types of peasants who act in the image and likeness of courtyards - sycophants, submissive slaves, masters of sponges and direct traitors. It should be noted that the poet tried to depict these images in some satirical tones, and the more clearly the protest of the peasantry was evident, the more faith appeared in their liberation, and all the more the author implicitly condemned slavish humiliation, servility and servility.
That's the way "Who Lives Well in Russia" topicnarrative describes the "exemplary servant" of Jacob, who eventually understands how humiliating his position is. After that, he decides to resort to an absolutely helpless and pathetic, but at the same time terrible in his slavish consciousness of revenge - he decides to kill himself in front of his patron.
Ipat, which is represented inpoem as "sensitive kholui", and informer Egorka Shutov, who received the title of "spy from his", playing a significant role in "Who in Russia live well." After his death, the landlord left a will in which he ordered the release of eight thousand peasants, but the headman Gleb was tempted by the promises of the heir and ultimately decided to destroy the document.
Hidden Ideas
Showing rudeness, superstition, ignorance andthe great number of Russian villages of that time remained, Nekrasov tried to emphasize the temporary character of various aspects of peasant life, which historically constantly turned to extremes. The world, which was poetically recreated in this work, is a place of social contrasts and a huge number of clashes with acute life contradictions.
For example, in the "Who lives well in Russia" landlordObult-Obolduyev, who met the wanderers and was presented as "round, puzatenky, blush and mustache", completely reveals the frivolity and emptiness of people who are not used to seriously reflect on their own lives. Hiding behind the mask of a good-natured man, showing only a courteous courtesy and ostentatious hospitality, the landlord is in fact filled with anger and arrogance, and he barely manages to contain hatred and disgust for the peasants.
Also the images "To Whom in Russia Live Well"satirically mark the landowner-tyrant Prince Duke, who received from the peasants the nickname of the Afterdog. A characteristic "nose with a beak like a hawk", a predatory look, voluptuousness and chronic alcoholism - all these are only additional elements of the hideous appearance of a typical representative of the landowners' environment, filled with inveterate despots and serfs. Such images make this work so interesting and unique, in comparison with the others.
It seems that the content "Who in Russia live ingood "includes resolving the dispute of ordinary muzhiks who are trying to decide which of the above persons lives happier: the tsar, the minister, the priest, the merchant, the clerk or the landlord. However, in the course of developing the actions of this poem, Nekrasov gradually begins to move beyond the plot, which were set by the outset, and the peasants begin to look not only for representatives of the ruling classes. Studying the content "Who lives well in Russia," you can pay attention to the fact that the controversial people are beginning to search among ordinary people, trying to find someone who lives happily, and afterwards they say directly that they are trying to find popular happiness, the best peasant share - an unbroken volost, a pristine gubernia and an oasis village.
Description of actual problems
Starting this narrative in a peculiarhumorous semicuscular tone, the author, over time, more and more deepens into the meaning of the question of happiness, as a result of which he is given a much sharper social sound. Most of all, the original intentions of the author in "Who lives well in Russia" peasants of those times could see in the "Feast for the whole world", but at that time it was banned by censorship. The story of Grisha Dobrosklonov, which began in this part, was to become the main one in the development of the theme of happiness and continuous struggle. In this chapter, the author is already directly talking about the path and the path that can eventually lead to the ideal embodiment of people's happiness. For Grisha, happiness lies in the conscious struggle for the happy future of its own people, and he wants "every peasant in holy Russia to live cheerfully and freely." That's how Nekrasov reveals in the "Who in Russia live well" problem of happiness, which he considered one of the most important in his life.
The image of Grisha completes a number of "people's defenders"which the author has depicted in his poetry. Nekrasov tried to emphasize in this character his direct closeness to the people, the possibility of constant communication with peasants, because he really entered into full understanding with them and was able to find support. Thus, Grisha looks like an inspired dreamer-poet, who decided to take on the role of an addict of "good songs" for his people.
The work "Who lives well in Russia"represents the highest sample of folk style from the whole series of poetry of Nekrasov. The peculiar fairy-tale and folk-song elements of this poem allows us to eventually give it a kind of national flavor and has a direct connection with Nekrasov's belief that the Russian people can have a great future. The main theme of this poem is to find happiness, and it goes back to various folk songs, fairy tales and other folklore sources, in which much was said about the fact that peasants are looking for a happy land, wealth, truth, treasures and much more. This theme fully expressed the most cherished dream of the people, its continuous striving to achieve happiness, as well as the age-old dream of all peoples to achieve a just social order.
In this poem Nekrasov tried to usealmost all the genre variety of folk-poetic creativity in Russia available to him, including epics, legends, fairy tales, proverbs, riddles, sayings and many different songs. Thus, using folk folklore, he received incredibly rich material in order to judge the peasant way of life and village customs.
The style of the poem is filled with a wealth of emotionalsound, as well as a huge variety of poetic intonation, including a sly smile with a leisurely narration in the prologue, which then in the scenes begins to be replaced more and more by the many voices of the chaotic fair crowd, satirical mockery in "Afterdaddy", some lyrical agitation and deep drama in "Peasant" , as well as revolutionary pathos and heroic tension in the chapter "A feast for the whole world."
With this work Nekrasov was able to show,how much he subtly feels and how he loves the beauty of Russian nature in the northern latitudes. The use of the landscape here is found in order to create an emotional tone, and also to make the character of the character's soul reflect more fully and vividly in "To Whom in Russia Live Well".
Thanks to all this, this poem is givena special place in Russian poetry, because it fully reflects the fearless truth of the pictures of the people's life, presenting it in an aura of poetic fairy-tale and the beauty of folk art, while the satire and the cry of protest merge with the heroic revolutionary struggle. All this NA Nekrasov tried to maximally express with artistic power, releasing his immortal work, known to many in our days.
That is why "It is recommended to read to everyone who lives well in Russia", since this book will help to answer the questions that many people have to this day.
