The labor market and the employment problem in Russia

The labor market in Russia and the developed on itthe situation is one of the most complex and intricate problems of the modern production market. The main role in this is played, of course, by the human factor, which is not easily predictable. But, besides this, the turbulence process is growing in the labor market and the number of unemployed is increasing, and the number of the able-bodied population is decreasing every year.

The labor market in Russia is also experiencing a number of problems, the main ones are:

1. Decrease in the quantity and quality of the able-bodied population, which entails a change in the basic characteristics of the labor force in the social and demographic plan.
2. The labor market and employment problems, which are inextricably linked with each other.

Economically active population of Russiais represented by the population aged 16 and up to 55 for women, and up to 60 for men; they are people who work for hire, for a certain payment, individual entrepreneurs and other persons working for themselves, etc. In Russia, students and military personnel are traditionally classed among the economically active population.

Working citizens can be fully employed andpart-time work week. The largest part of the Russian population is wage earners: about 90% of the total workforce. The remainder are persons of free professions (journalists, lawyers) and individual entrepreneurs.

The sphere of services has become the prevailing sphere of social labor: it has the largest percentage of employed. In agriculture, on the contrary, there is a strong outflow of labor.

Russia is in need of young andprospective cadres. According to statistics, the main group of working population are persons from 40 to 49 years old. But the lowest indicators of the employed population fall on the age group from 30 to 39 years. The able-bodied population not only grows old, according to the same statistics it can be seen that the health of the workforce is deteriorating, the periods of incapacity for work are increasing, the qualitative characteristics of labor and the capacity for intensive and prolonged work are declining.

The Russian labor market is traceda paradoxical situation: on the one hand, it is labor-deficit in structure, and on the other hand it is excessive in volume. At some enterprises, an excessive number of employees accumulate, but their qualifications are often not high enough.

The labor market is one of the componentsmarket system, this is a certain balance of interests between workers, the state and private entrepreneurs. When assigning a price for the work performed, the interests of the employee and the employer intersect. The labor market also characterizes relative competitiveness, since not all segments of the market need a functional quality of labor and its uniqueness.

Often the labor market is divided into external anddomestic markets. The external market is a movement of personnel between enterprises and organizations. The internal market is the rotation of personnel within a particular enterprise / organization. The internal market assumes the existence of a certain "core" consisting of constantly working high-class specialists, and "periphery" (all other employees). Sometimes, based on the availability of this division ("core-periphery"), the primary labor market and secondary are distinguished. The primary market offers highly paid work, good working conditions, a fair attitude of the administration, promotion, stable employment. In the secondary market, "available" low-paid, unstable work, poor working conditions and low wages. In Russia, while the primary is slowly developing, but the secondary labor market still prevails.